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Economics Mains PYQs UPSC. Self Study UPSC.

Economics Syllabus: UPSC Mains

Topic 1 – Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

Topic 2 – Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Topic 3 – Government Budgeting.

Topic 4 – Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

Topic 5 – Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

Topic 6 – Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

Topic 7 – Land reforms in India.          

Topic 8 – Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

Topic 9 – Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

Topic 10 – Investment models.

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC – Year wise Marks Weightage (2013 – 2024)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC – Year wise & Topic wise Collection (2013 – 2024)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 1)

Topic 1 – Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

Indian Economy – Features of Indian Economy (Inequalities, Poverty, Unemployment)

Issues relating to Mobilization of resources – Money, Banking, Finance, Centre Revenue, Centre-State Revenue Devolution (Finance Commission), Local Government Financial Resources

Issues relating to Growth and Development – Basic Concept and National Income Calculation, Poverty, Inequalities, Unemployment

UPSC 2024

1. What are the causes of persistent high food inflation in India? Comment on the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the RBI to control this type of inflation. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2023

1. Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
3. Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)
4. Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2021

1. Explain the difference between computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced V- shapes recovery? Give reasons in support of your answer. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. Among several factors for India’s potential growth, savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)  
2. Account for the failure of manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labour-intensive exports rather than capital-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is necessary for bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this for financial inclusion of the poorer section of the Indian society? Give arguments to justify your opinion. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. “Success of ‘Make in India’ programme depends on the success of ‘Skill India’ programme and radical labour reforms.” Discuss with logical arguments. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
2. Craze for gold in Indians have led to a surge in import of gold in recent years and put pressure on balance of payments and external value of rupee. In view of this, examine the merits of Gold Monetization Scheme. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
3. The nature of economic growth in India in recent times is often described as jobless growth. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favour of your answer. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. While we flaunt India’s demographic dividend, we ignore the dropping rates of employability. What are we missing while doing so? Where will the jobs that India desperately needs come from? Explain. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 2)

Topic 2 – Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

UPSC 2024

1. Examine the (pattern) and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent this has been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2021

1. “Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth. ”Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together. Comment on this statement. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. What are the salient features of ‘inclusive growth’? Has India been experiencing such a growth process? Analyze and suggest measures for inclusive growth. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often encourages short-sightedness and contributes to wide disparities between the rich and the poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism driving inclusive growth in India? Discuss. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new companies bill, 2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its implementation in right earnest. Also discuss other provisions in the bill and their implications. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 3)

Topic 3 – Government Budgeting.

UPSC 2021

1. Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both these Budgets. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. Explain the rationale behind the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act of 2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal tensions? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. The public expenditure management is a challenge to the government of India in the context of budget-making during the post-liberalization period. Clarify it. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. Comment on the important changes introduced in respect of the Long-term Capital Gains Tax (LCGT) and Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget for 2018-2019. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017-18 is to ‘transform, energize and clean India’. Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget 2017-18 to achieve the objective. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. Women empowerment in India needs gender budgeting. What are the requirements and status of gender budgeting in the Indian context? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. In what way could replacement of price subsidy with Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. What are the reasons for introduction of Fiscal responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) act, 2003? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)
2. What is the meaning of the term tax-expenditure? Taking the housing sector as an example, discuss how it influences budgetary policies of the government. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)
3. Discussion the rationale for introducing Good and services tax in India. Bring out critically the reasons for delay in roll out for its regime. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 4)

Topic 4 – Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

1. Cropping patterns
2. Types of irrigation and irrigation systems
3. Storage, Transport and Marketing of agricultural produce and issue and related constraints
4. e-technology in the aid of farmers.

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC

UPSC 2024

1. Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the major challenges faced by the Indian irrigation system in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2023

1. How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTP) in relation to agricultural subsidies. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
3. Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. What are the main bottlenecks in the upstream and downstream process of marketing of agricultural products in India? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)
2. What is an Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2021

1. How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the major factors responsible for making the rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success, how has this system become bane in India? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)
3. Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenarios. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. How far is the Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. Elaborate on the impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
3. How India benefited from the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
4. How can biotechnology improve the living standards of farmers? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. Sikkim is the first ‘Organic State’ in India. What are the ecological and economical benefits of Organic State? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
3. How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in the recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How have these revolutions helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilize the yield of the crop in the system? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. What is water-use efficiency? Describe the role of micro-irrigation in increasing the water-use efficiency. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
2. What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
3. Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. How can the ‘Digital India’ programme help farmers to improve farm productivity and income? What steps has the Government taken in this regard? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)  
2. In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non-viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. There is also a point of view that agriculture produce market committees (APMCs) set up under the state acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine.  (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 5)

Topic 5 – Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

Technology missions – different revolution of agriculture like green revolution, white revolution etc.

UPSC 2024

1. Elucidate the importance of buffer stocks for stabilizing agricultural prices in India. What are the challenges associated with the storage of buffer stock? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. What are the major challenges of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent?  (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2021

1. What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India?  (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. What are the reformative steps taken by the government to make food grain distribution system more effective? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low-income trap? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. “In the villages itself no form of credit organisation will be suitable except the cooperative society.” – All Indian rural credit survey. Discuss this statement in the background of agriculture finance in India. What constraints and challenges do financial institutions supply agricultural finances? How can technology be used to better reach and serve rural clients? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. Food security bill is expected to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in India. Critically discuss various apprehensions in its effective implementation along with the concerns it has generated in WTO. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)
2. What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and state levels? Critically analyze the agriculture subsidy regime with the reference to the distortions created by it. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 6)

Topic 6 – Land reforms in India.

UPSC 2024

1. What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2023

1. State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2021

1. How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development. Identify the factors that were responsible for the success of land reforms in India. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. The right to fair compensation and transparency land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement act, 2013 has come into effect from 1 January 2014. What implication would it have on industrialisation and agriculture in India? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. Establish the relationship between land reform, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian Economy. Discussion the difficulty in designing and implementation of the agriculture friendly land reforms in India. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 7)

Topic 7 – Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

Effects of liberalization on the economy – LPG Reform, External Sector (Trade, Investment, Currency Exchange etc.)

UPSC 2024

1. What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. “Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity.” Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity.  (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect macroeconomic stability of India? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. Account for the failure of manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labour-intensive exports rather than capital-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. “Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall growth of Gross-Domestic-Product (GDP) in the post-reform period” Give reasons. How far the recent changes in Industrial Policy are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate? (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. How globalization has led to the reduction of employment in the formal sector of the Indian economy? Is increased informalization detrimental to the development of the country? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
2. Justify the need for FDI for the development of the Indian economy. Why there is gap between MOUs signed and actual FDIs? Suggest remedial steps to be taken for increasing actual FDIs in India. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. There is a clear acknowledgement that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool of industrial development, manufacturing and exports. Recognizing this potential, the whole instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs with respect to taxation, governing laws and administration. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India shifted directly from agriculture to services. What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Can India become a developed country without a strong industrial base? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
2. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the defence sector is now said to be liberalised. What influence this is expected to have on Indian defence and economy in the short and long run? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indians. Are they competing with the MNCs satisfactorily? (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)
2. Discuss the impact of FDI entry into the multi-trade retail sector on supply chain management in commodity trade patterns of the economy. (Answer in 100 words) (05 Marks)
3. Though India allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in what is called multi brand retail through joint venture route in September 2012, the FDI even after a year, has not picked up. Discuss the reasons. (Answer in 100 words) (05 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 8)

Topic 8 – Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

UPSC 2022

1. Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2019

1. Elaborate on the policy taken by the government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming this bottleneck? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in food industry for better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 9)

Topic 9 – Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

UPSC 2024

1. What is the need for expanding the regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN Scheme and its achievements. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2022

1. Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable help achieve the above objective? Explain. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2021

• “Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth.” Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2018

1. Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Comment on the progress made in India in this regard. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)
2. With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2016

1. What are ‘Smart Cities? Examine their relevance for urban development in India. Will it increase rural-urban differences? Give arguments for Smart Villages’ in the light of PURA and RURBAN Mission. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)
2. Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting diodes (LEDs). (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2015

1. To what factors can be the recent dramatic fall in equipment cost and tariff of solar energy be attributed? What implications does the trend have for thermal power producers and related industry? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. National urban transport policy emphasizes on moving people instead of moving vehicles. Discuss critically the success of various strategies of the government in this regard. (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. Write a note on India’s green energy corridor to alleviate the problem of conventional energy. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

Economics Mains PYQs UPSC (Topic 10)

Topic 10 – Investment models.

UPSC 2022

1. Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructure projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2020

1. Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and a private entity. (Answer in 250 words) (15 Marks)

UPSC 2017

1. Examine the developments of Airports in India through Joint Ventures under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard? (Answer in 150 words) (10 Marks)

UPSC 2014

1. Explain how private public partnership agreements, in longer gestation infrastructure projects, can transfer unsuitable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations’ capacities are not compromised? (Answer in 200 words) (12.5 Marks)

UPSC 2013

1. Adaptation of the PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free from criticism. Critically discuss the pros and cons of the model. (Answer in 200 words) (10 Marks)

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